![]() ![]() ![]() Whenever patients deviate substantially from the relationship described here, one should be alert to the likelihood that significant damage has occurred outside or in addition to the structures in the medial temporal lobe. This relationship between AA and RA in patients with identified medial temporal lobe lesions appears to describe a general principle, which applies to a range of etiologies, including traumatic amnesia, where the locus and extent of brain damage is less well understood. ![]() In addition, RA was measurable only after AA reached a substantial level of severity. The findings describe an orderly relationship between AA and RA, such that patients with more severe AA also had more extensive RA. We have quantified the severity of AA and RA for factual information in 11 memory-impaired patients with bilateral medial temporal lobe lesions, including 5 for whom detailed post-mortem neurohistological information was available. The relationship between AA and RA has rarely been described quantitatively in groups of patients where detailed anatomical information is available. Nevertheless, variations in the expression of AA and RA have been reported, which presumably reflect variation in the locus and extent of brain damage. The severity of AA is usually correlated with the severity of RA. The study of anterograde and retrograde amnesia (AA and RA) in the laboratory and the clinic has provided important information about the structure and organization of memory. ![]()
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